> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.kpnthings.com/kpn-things/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.kpnthings.com/kpn-things/kpn-lora/getting-started/glossary.md).

# Glossary

| Term    | Description                        |
| ------- | ---------------------------------- |
| ABP     | Activation By Personalization      |
| ADR     | Adaptive Data Rate                 |
| AppKey  | Application Key                    |
| AppSKey | Application Session Key            |
| AS Key  | Application Server Key             |
| AS      | Application Server                 |
| DevEUI  | Device EUI                         |
| ESP     | Estimated Signal Power.            |
| FOTA    | Firmware Over The Air.             |
| HSM     | Hardware Security Module           |
| IoT     | Internet of Things                 |
| LoRa    | Long Range                         |
| LoRaWAN | Long Range Wide Area Network       |
| LPWAN   | Low Power Wide Area Network        |
| LRC     | Long Range Controller              |
| LRR     | Long Range Relay (LoRa gateway)    |
| MAC     | Media Access Control               |
| MIC     | Message Integrity Code             |
| NwkSKey | Network Session Key                |
| OTAA    | Over-The-Air Activation            |
| PER     | Packet Error Rate                  |
| RF      | Radio Frequency                    |
| RSSI    | Received Signal Strength Indicator |
| SF      | Spreading Factor                   |
| SNR     | Signal to Noise Ratio              |


---

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