> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.kpnthings.com/kpn-things/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.kpnthings.com/kpn-things/kpn-lora/technical-information/adaptive-data-rate-adr-algorithm.md).

# Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm

The principle of the ADR (v3) algorithm in the LRC is based on a quality of service target to compute the optimal settings for communication between network and device. The settings of the spreading factor, NbTrans and TXPower. The algorithm will always first consider the primary quality of the Packet Error Rate (PER), the Minimum Antenna diversity and the Macro Diversity Reliability. After optimizing the settings for the communication from and to the device, the network will keep monitoring on these primary settings and adjust settings when necessary.

The tuning is done by adjusting the settings of the spreading factor, NbTrans (number of transmissions of each message) and TXPower (transmission power). The algorithm will use the primary quality targets of the Packet Error Rate (PER), the Minimum Antenna diversity and the Macro Diversity Reliability. After optimizing the settings for the communication with the device, the network will keep monitoring on these quality targets and adjust settings when necessary.

The network will adjust settings in the following priority if any of the quality targets is not met:

1. TXPower
2. NbTrans
3. Spreading Factor

After optimizing these primary settings and if good radio conditions are present, battery conservation optimization will be initiated. If possible, the algorithm will now adjust the previously mentioned settings to reduce battery consumption, while maintaining the quality of service.

The network will adjust settings in the following priority if the quality targets are met and battery consumption can be optimized:

1. NbTrans
2. Spreading Factor
3. TXPower


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